Sneezing and a runny nose in October can mean either a cold or allergies, and sometimes it’s hard to tell which is which. We’ve put together a guide on key similarities and differences between the two if you’re feeling under the weather and need help determining what ails you.
What’s Happening in Your Body
Allergic reactions occur when a foreign invader—like pollen, mold, dust or pet dander—enters the body and your immune system overreacts to its presence as if it were a threat. The immune system releases histamines and other chemicals in your nasal passages and airways to flush out the irritant.
In contrast, a cold is caused by an actual threat: a virus (most commonly, the rhinovirus). The virus invades cells in your respiratory system and begins to reproduce. The immune system’s response to a virus will be much stronger and broader as the body works to destroy the infection.
How the Symptoms Compare
While many symptoms overlap, some symptoms can help differentiate which condition is affecting you.
Symptoms in Common
- Runny nose
- Congestion
- Sneezing
Symptoms of Allergies, but not a Cold
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Itchy throat
- Postnasal drip
- Watery, clear nasal discharge (or snot)
- Hives or skin rash
Also consider the circumstances of the symptoms. Allergies will last as long as your exposure to the allergen, so if you get them seasonally or whenever exposed to the same environmental triggers, it’s probably allergies.
Signs of a Cold, but not Allergies
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Thick, discolored nasal discharge
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue
- Fever (sometimes)
How to Find Relief
Whether it’s allergies or a cold, get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids. Your immune system needs energy and hydration in order to continue working. Wash your hands frequently.
In the case of allergies, you can use over-the-counter (OTC) medicines like antihistamines and nasal rinses or sprays. Cold symptoms may be managed with pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) and decongestants.
If you’re unsure whether your symptoms are caused by allergies or a cold, consider visiting an allergist or an ENT. Contact North Alabama ENT Associates today to schedule an appointment, discuss testing or learn more about tailored treatment plans.